A network’s SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name you see on your device’s list of available networks when it searches for Wi-Fi. SSID is an essential identifier in the wireless environment.
Let’s break down SSIDs for a full understanding, including working steps, their roles in business, vulnerabilities, limitations, and how to secure your networks.
What Is A Service Set Identifier (SSID)?
A Service Set Identifier (SSID) is simply the name of a Wi-Fi network. It’s what you see when your phone or laptop scans for available networks with names like “CorpNet_Staff,” “Acrisure-Guest,” or “tellmywifiloveher.”
In technical terms, the SSID is a unique, case-sensitive string of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. Its purpose is to act as a public identifier for a wireless network. It allows devices to easily identify and connect to a specific wireless access point or router.
How Does SSID Work?
The SSID is broadcast by a router or wireless access point (WAP):
- A Wi-Fi router manages internet access and traffic.
- Access points: Larger wireless networks, like in offices or campuses, often deploy a central router connected to multiple access points to extend coverage throughout a space.
Here’s a breakdown of how SSID enables smooth search and connection to the correct network:
The broadcast (beacon)
A router or access point broadcasts the SSID name several times per second using a “beacon frame”. This tells nearby devices that the network is available and includes the security type (e.g., WPA3) along with other information needed for devices to connect.
The scan
When your phone or laptop looks for Wi-Fi, it listens for these beacons. It collects the SSIDs it detects and displays them in the Wi-Fi list.
Connection
You choose the particular network SSID you’re looking for, enter the password (if applicable), and connect.
Probe response
When an access point receives a request for its SSID, it sends a probe response to confirm its presence. The device then connects automatically. If the password has changed, a new login is required.
Known networks (probe request)
If your device has previously connected to a specific Wi-Fi network, it includes the SSID in the probe request. It essentially asks, “Is network ‘XYZ’ available?”
Why Do Enterprises Need SSID?
SSIDs help organizations manage access, security, and user experience on one or multiple Wi-Fi networks.
Let’s look at these three benefits in action:
Role-based access
Large organizations often use multiple networks for segmentation and security purposes.
Each SSID typically links to a separate VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) with defined permissions, security settings, and access policies.
Here’s an example of multiple networks/dedicated SSIDs:
- SSID 1 – Corporate: This primary network connects to the corporate resource server. It grants staff access to the apps and information they need to do their jobs. It often features high-level encryption (WAP3) and strict access controls.
- SSID 2 – Guests: The guest Wi-Fi is isolated from internal company resources. This SSID network may only require a simple password or email registration to access. Speed may be limited compared to the corporate network.
- SSID 3 – IoT Devices: The third network is dedicated to connected equipment such as printers, cameras, sensors, and HVAC systems. Isolating IoT devices helps prevent communication interference and limits security risks to employee devices.
Compliance and auditing
Segmenting traffic with unique SSIDs simplifies security auditing and compliance management.
Branding and user experience
A smartly named guest SSID (e.g., “Welcome_CorpGuest”) clearly points guests to their dedicated Wi-Fi and is a professional, cost-free touch.
What’s The Difference Between SSID, BSSID, And ESSID?
SSID is sometimes confused with BSSID and ESSID. The three are closely related but are distinct concepts:
- SSID is the wireless network name you see on your device’s Wi-Fi settings list.
- BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) is the actual hardware ID of the router or access point within a network. When multiple access points share the same SSID (for example, “OfficeWiFi”), each AP must be uniquely identified by devices on the network to avoid conflicts. BSSID uses MAC (Media Access Control) addresses to achieve this.
- ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier) refers to multiple access points sharing the same SSID. The setup is widely used in larger offices and businesses like hotels, where several Wi-Fi boosters support coverage and roaming throughout the premises.
Here’s a quick overview:
Feature
SSID
BSSID
ESSID
Meaning
Service Set Identifier (network name)
Basic Service Set Identifier (unique ID of an access point)
Extended Service Set Identifier (SSID shared by multiple access points)
Format
Readable text (e.g., “OfficeWiFi”)
MAC address (e.g., 00:14:22:01:23:45)
Same as SSID but for extended networks
Visibility
Visible to users
Hidden; used by devices internally
Visible
Purpose
Helps users identify networks
Identifies a specific piece of hardware to help devices maintain/manage the connection
Combining several APs under one SSID (for roaming and coverage)
Can the ID be edited?
Yes
No
Yes
Problems And Limitations Associated With SSIDs
It’s important to note that SSIDs have some limitations that pose challenges and can lead to security vulnerabilities:
- Default SSIDs: Using the factory default SSID (e.g., “Netgear,” or names containing the vendor’s brand) is a security risk. It reveals information about the router’s make and model that attackers use to exploit known vulnerabilities. It’s best to change the default details to mitigate this threat.
- Interference and crowding: In densely populated zones, multiple nearby SSIDs can overlap on the same channel. This causes signal interference that compromises speed and connectivity.
To reduce interference and improve performance, choose a less congested channel or switch to the 5 GHz band (which offers more channels and speed than the crowded 2.4 GHz band). - Limitations of hiding SSIDs: Some administrators hide SSIDs to enhance network security. However, modern wireless scanners can detect the SSID when a device connects, so this is a flawed strategy. Strong encryption is a far more effective security approach.
How Is SSID Used In Cyberattacks?
Cybercriminals exploit SSIDs to conduct sophisticated attacks, involving phishing and spoofing (among the top 3 cybercrimes) and other forms of deception. “Evil Twin” attacks and Wardriving are two common hacking tactics.
Let’s take a closer look.
Evil Twin attacks
An attacker sets up a “twin” access point with the same SSID as a legitimate, nearby network (e.g., “Gym-Guest”).
Because the two SSIDs look identical, client devices may automatically connect to the fake Wi-Fi network if its signal is stronger.
Once connected, the attacker intercepts all traffic, including login credentials. They might also conduct Man-in-the-Middle attacks, where they eavesdrop on exchanges between two parties, stealing or modifying information (e.g., altering account details on a payment request).
Wireless Footprinting and Wardriving
Attackers use public SSIDs to gather intelligence about a target organization. They map the geographical location of SSIDs (a tactic called wardriving) to determine the company’s network perimeter.
Knowing internal network names and the wireless footprint helps hackers to probe and infiltrate perimeters.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack
DoS attacks involve sending a large volume of fake requests to the WAP. The objective is to overload the server, preventing legitimate users from connecting to the business network.
How Do You Secure Your SSID?
Follow these five best practices to protect your SSID and keep your connection secure:
Use WPA2 or WPA3 encryption
It’s vital to encrypt the data transmitted between your router and connected devices. WPA3 is currently the most secure encryption option available, while the older WPA2 is still considered safe. Avoid WEP as it’s outdated and can be cracked in minutes using free tools.
Change the default SSID and password
Routers often have generic names and passwords that are easy to guess (e.g., TP-Link_1234). Changing both reduces the risk of targeted and brute-force attacks (high volumes of password guesses). Pick a unique SSID and a strong, random password of at least 12–16 characters.
Don’t connect to open public networks (without a VPN)
Public Wi-Fi networks often use open SSIDs with no encryption, exposing your data. If you must use one, connect through a trusted Virtual Private Network (VPN) service that encrypts your traffic end-to-end.
Disable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
WPS makes connecting devices easier, but it’s not without its weaknesses. Hackers can exploit it to gain access without knowing your Wi-Fi password. Best practice recommends you disable WPS in your router settings and rather connect devices manually.
Keep router firmware up to date
Router manufacturers periodically release firmware updates to patch security flaws. Log in to your router’s admin panel regularly to check for updates. Alternatively, enable automatic updates if supported.
How To Hide Your SSID (And Should You?)
You can hide your SSID by turning off the SSID broadcast in the router settings. This stops the beacon from displaying the network publicly.
Concealing the ID is a common security practice, but it is largely ineffective. True, other companies in your building or your neighbors won’t know your Wi-Fi’s name, but hackers have little trouble finding it.
Why? The SSID name is still transmitted when devices try to connect. Hackers use freely available wireless monitoring tools to uncover the concealed name. A hidden network can be a magnet to bad guys because they assume it’s trying to hide high-value resources.
Hiding your SSID makes connecting new devices more cumbersome and potentially confusing. A better and safer solution is employing strong encryption (WPA3 or WPA2).
How Acrisure Cyber Can Help With SSID Security?
Your SSID(s) play a unique role in optimizing network operations.
Acrisure’s cybersecurity and managed network experts can help you strengthen all aspects of SSID and larger network security and performance, including:
- Reliable device connections
- Multiple SSID management
- Network channel and band optimization
- SSID naming and security best practices
Cyberattacks are increasing in volume and sophistication, making network security more critical than ever.
FAQs
Is SSID the same as an IP address?
No, SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of a Wi-Fi network that you see when scanning for connections (e.g., “Office-Guest”). It’s the point of entry to the network.
An IP (Internet Protocol) address isa unique numerical label (e.g., 192.168.1.10) assigned to your device after you connect to the internet. Just as a food delivery driver needs your physical address to bring your lunch, the internet needs a location to send your online information requests.
So when you connect, your Internet Service Provider (ISP) assigns an IP address. Every device connected to a network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication must have an IP address. These unique labels facilitate effective communication between websites, computers, servers, routers, and other devices across the web.
How to find the SSID on different devices?
Follow these steps to find the SSID on different devices:
- Windows: Go to Settings → Network & Internet → Wi-Fi.
- macOS: Click the Wi-Fi icon → SSID is the network name with a check next to it.
- Android/iOS: Open Wi-Fi settings → The network you’re connected to shows the SSID name.
- Router label: Most routers print the default SSID and password on a sticker (often on the back or underside). Your router’s IP address also gives you access to its configuration panel, where you can see the SSID.
What is the best practice to broadcast SSIDs?
The best practices for broadcasting SSIDs include:
- Limit each access point (AP) to a maximum of three SSIDs: Each additional SSID consumes airtime and can degrade performance.
- Enable band steering: This feature automatically connects users to the best available frequency band.
- Enable SSIDs on APs only when necessary: The idea is to minimize exposure that can lead to security threats.
- Map each SSID to a different VLAN (Virtual LAN):This helps create logical traffic management and security structure.
- Avoid assigning the same channel to APs with overlapping coverage areas: You want to limit interference and compromised signal quality.